I was really looking forward to this session, and I was not disappointed: authors Catherine Robertson, Witi Ihimaera, Paul Cleave and Paula Morris in conversation about the fiction of Aotearoa.
Almost immediately, we ran up against the problem of nomenclature. Ihimaera talked a lot about ‘New Zealand literature’, by which he seemed to mean ‘New Zealand literary fiction’. He was obviously reveling in the role of provocateur, and delighted in lobbing conversational grenades such as “I write New Zealand literature, they [fellow panellists] don’t”; “New Zealand literature is dead (when you think about it statistically)”; “I can’t write crime fiction because it’s too far below me”. It was (mostly) received in good humour, though, and it was gratifying to see Bats Theatre packed out with people keen to join the conversation. The room was buzzing for the whole hour.
Cleave articulated a common problem when he said he was put off NZ fiction at school by being forced to study Owls Do Cry, which was not the kind of story he was after when he was a teenager. It gave him a long-lasting (but, he realises now, erroneous) impression that that’s what all NZ fiction is like. Cleave suggested that we need to get into schools and educate kids about the entire spectrum of our writing. Morris pointed out that the new initiative Hooked on NZ Books aims to help do that by providing a forum for young people to review NZ YA literature.
We heard a lot of ideas about what young people should or should not be doing and reading. Ihimaera suggested that literary festivals should have two-for-one tickets where adults have to bring a young person with them. He said “our young people like to see things, they don’t like to read things”, so we need to use visual media to reach them. He worries that the whakapapa of NZ literature isn’t being passed on. Morris bemoaned the fact that she sees tertiary students who still have Harry Potter notebooks, and says young people need, at some point, to put the things of childhood away and graduate to adult literature.
I see her point, but I’m not sure I entirely agree with Morris there. During this session no one mentioned fan culture, and how it influences NZ readers’ behaviour. One of the reasons young adults continue to read Harry Potter despite no longer being children themselves is that they value being part of the fan community: it’s much wider than just the books. Perhaps some fruitful questions to consider in future literary festivals might be, which NZ authors are inspiring a fan community? How does that influence New Zealanders’ reading behaviour? Who is reading NZ fan fiction? How does NZ fan fiction fit into the wide and diverse landscape of NZ literature?
My fellow festival reviewers Charlotte Graham and Ellen Falconer – both in their 20s – have also made some interesting points about young people at literary festivals, which I think are pertinent to the question of who’s reading NZ fiction.
Graham says: “everyone wants to know both how we get more young people (a) along and (b) buying books, so that the industry will not die, but at the same time they don’t REALLY want young people there because they enjoy the whole Q and A at the end just being about how young people are crap and obsessed with their phones and Breaking Bad (which would be awkward in a room full of young people).
“Most of the young people I know read literary fiction (yes, on their phones) and also watch Breaking Bad. Yesterday, I finished a book of literary fiction and tonight I plan to binge-watch House of Cards. It’s just that a lot of us don’t feel like literary festivals are really for us. I don’t know how exactly this happened, but it is important when, as Witi pointed out, book awards and writers fests are the main ways that New Zealand writers get attention and promotion.”
Falconer said she really valued the Taking Form event at Writers Week (a panel discussion with writer Courtney Sina Meredith, graphic novelist Mariko Tamaki and artist and curator Kerry Ann Lee, chaired by Sarah Laing) because “the speakers are about 5-10 years older than me, and ask themselves a lot of the same questions about their work and life as I do my own.”
There is also the problem of elitism. Robertson made the point that YA fiction is presented as all being on par, but when we become grown-ups, we’re expected to specialise and distinguish between ‘higher’ and ‘lower’ qualities of writing. Ihimaera criticised literary festivals for being elitist, but at the same time insisted that we must have a literary canon to “write New Zealand into existence”. He said we’ve only a had a 30-year window (in the mid-to-late twentieth century) to say ‘this is New Zealand literature’. He finds it frightening to let that go. I was glad when Morris pointed out that there are lots of writers engaging with New Zealand-ness still, and producing all kinds of really interesting work.
It was fascinating to see the ways in which the panel members made value judgements about their own work. Morris, who has written both YA and literary fiction, frankly admitted that she considers her work for adults to be worth a lot more: people will forget her YA books but “Rangatira [a literary novel] is my contribution to the conversation about NZ literature”. She notes that authors have much more freedom in writing adult literary novels – but the penalty you pay is that publishers may not publish them and readers may not read them.
Cleave, who writes crime fiction, said he would leave writing NZ culture to others. He has made a conscious decision not to market his books as NZ novels. Robertson, who writes romantic and contemporary fiction, pointed out that many commercially successful NZ authors are not well known here because we tend to celebrate the literary authors more.
Robertson made the excellent point that people read for many different reasons and should have all kinds of different books available to them to fulfil their varying needs. She said we need to scrutinise our own biases and our leftover colonial mentality that tells us that NZ writing isn’t as good as writing from overseas.
On the subject of internationality, I was intrigued to learn from Morris that in May she will be launching an Academy of New Zealand Literature. It will include genre-crossing work and Pasifika writing, and will help position and promote NZ writing overseas. Watch this space for more news on that.
Towards the end of the session, Ihimaera graciously told Cleave and Robertson that, contrary to what he had said earlier, “you do write New Zealand literature”. I agree with Morris that our books should and can contain everything about Aotearoa – and every Writers Week I discover a new aspect of that. Huge congratulations and grateful thanks to everyone involved in making it happen. See you next year!
Reviewed by Elizabeth Heritage
Our Nation’s Fiction: Read or Dead?
2pm, Sunday 13 March, BATS Theatre
Part of NZ Festival Writer’s Week
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Reblogged this on thatsingleyear.
Great report Elizabeth, thanks for sharing. Wish I could have been there, though I may have lobbed a James Lee Burke, Peter Temple, or John Hart book at Witi when he said crime fiction was below him (sheesh, half of Shakespeare, along with plenty of Dickens, Dostoevsky, Atwood and others, and two recent Booker winners, are all ‘crime’ in broader sense). I think sometimes it’ like watching a great sportsperson or musician, it’s hard to make things look so easy and as if anyone could do it, and that’s what the best ‘genre’ writers do. Make writing look easy.
Or as Lee Child is fond of saying, he could write ‘literary fiction’ if he wanted, but why would he?
I’m being a little tongue-in-cheek myself, of course, but I think the accepted wisdom that literary fiction is harder to write or more worthy needs to be punctured. There are good and great books (and plenty of mediocre ones) in all ‘genres’, and what’s known as literary fiction nowadays is merely a genre in of itself, not a superior form of writing. What we know think of as classic literature is full of crime, dashing adventure (Dumas), romance (Austen), fantasy (Carroll, Barrie, etc) and science fiction (Jules Verne). Those are the stories that have resonated, lasted, made an impact, and influenced several generations.
The world of books is a broad and deep place, and we should celebrate all of it, especially in an age where perhaps it’s under threat from all the other entertainment options.
From what you say, Witi was being intentionally provocative, which is great to get discussion going, and I really enjoyed your report on what sounds like a really thought-provoking session.
I think sometimes (and this may not be true, but just a perception) we have a scarcity mindset in New Zealand, along with a little bit of colonial cringe or ‘little nation’-ness. Years ago there was seemingly a similarly widely held perception that our film-makers weren’t of international standard, bar one or two exceptions, or that our musicians weren’t as good as those from the UK or US etc either. I think in the past 20 years New Zealanders seem to have embraced our indigenous forms of those artworks much more, along with local television drama or tv movies, when they’re of good quality and get a chance, as well. So it can be done with books, I think.
Like Paul Cleave, I was put off ‘New Zealand literature’ for many years by being force-fed some books at high school. In my case it wasn’t OWLS DO CRY, but Stevan Eldredd-Grigg’s ORACLES AND MIRACLES. At a time when only a certain percentage of my peers were keen booklovers who read a lot, what we were reading and enjoying was nothing like that. It seemed ‘boring’ by comparison – where was the adventure, the excitement, the things that made you turn the page, then talk about it with friends or recommend it to your mates to try afterwards?
I’d grown up reading a wide range of stories, loving the local library, and having an adult reading age as a 10-year-old. For me, it was fantasy and mystery I most loved. I’d gone from Tolkien and Lewis as a kid to David Eddings and RA Salvatore as an adolescent. And from Poirot, Holmes Agaton Sax and the Hardy Boys at primary school and intermediate to James Patterson and Patricia Cornwell at high school. For others it was sci-fi or what might now be called chick-lit.
I’m particularly curious about Paula Morris’s ‘academy’ project. That sounds very interesting, and I’m looking forward to learning more. I think there are definitely opportunities within the New Zealand books and reading world to encourage people of all ages to embrace books. As human beings we love stories, and consume them voraciously in a number of ways.
It’s a matter of letting people know about stories in book form they might enjoy, and encouraging rather than disparaging those choices, not creating a hierarchy of genre or geography.
On one final point, I’ve attended numerous arts and literary festivals of a variety of types all across New Zealand, as well as in Australia, the UK, and Scandinavia. Many of the overseas festivals seem to be doing a much better job at encouraging younger people to attend, and engaging those people. I think part of that is the way they embrace genre writing that people are interested in reading, discussing, and learning about (though that could be confirmation bias on my part). Genre-specific festivals abroad have a much more mixed crowd, with plenty of younger readers and would-be writers in attendance. That’s something we could look at in New Zealand, rather than ghetto-ising genre when it is included (some festivals are better at this than others).
Just my $0.02. Though just as those coins have now gone, it was more like 10 cents.
Oh, I wish I could have been at this session! I’m an unabashed reader of literary fiction, and although I find it hard to find out about it from across the ditch, what I’ve read of NZ LitFic, it’s definitely world class. I hope it survives because I am not at all interested in genre fiction – and that shouldn’t bother anybody since the hordes like it and it’s not under threat.
But it would bother me a great deal if the likes of Patricia Grace, Charlotte Randall, Fiona Kidman, Tracy Farr, Paula Morris, Hamish Clayton and of course Witi Ihimaera himself were unable to find a publisher. Although these authors are never going to achieve the popularity prizes on booksellers’ shelves, New Zealand would come to regret it too if their stories of the big picture, the painful picture, the quirky and the brave were lost to commercial pressures.
PS Be careful what you wish for if festivals are rejigged to get a more youthful audience. The older audience will desert. And they’re the backbone audience that buys books rather than cheap digital eBooks from Amazon to read on a phone…